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ApplicationNotes
Number	TypeDescription
GA-301	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“Characterization of a Novel Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometer Design: Energy Analysis of Pre-formed Ions”Design and performance of a Molecular Beam System for highly accurate sampling of plasmas and energy analysis of pre-formed ions.
GA-380	Materials Science Ion Chemistry, Analytical	“Transmission and Collision Effiency of Various Collision Cells” This is a study of the transmission efficiency of various Hexapoles and Octupoles at different power levels, gas pressures and RF frequencies.
GA-510	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“Tandem Ionizer / Energy Analyzer for monitoring Internally and Externally Produced Ion”This note compares the performance and tuning requirements of the Tandem Ionizer Energy filter for ions generated in the ionizer and for external ions, such as those produced in a plasma.
GA-511	Material Science	“Cross Beam Ionizer Design for Plasma Monitoring”Operating Principle and design of a Cross Beam Deflector Ionizer and its application as an Energy Filter and Noise Reducerwhen used to sample plasmas
GA-514	Material Science	“Axial Energy Analyzer: Energy Resolution”Design and Operating principles of Axial Energy Filter with emphasis on Energy Resolution
GA-516	Material Science	“ Axial Energy Analyzer:Ion Kinetic Energy and SIMS Spectrum from a CuBe Alloy”Sampling Ions with a wide energy distribution using the Axial Energy Analyzer during a SIMS Experiment
GA-530	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“Optimizing Quadrupole Performance When Coupled with High Voltage Ion Sources”Discusses how to improve Sensitivity and Peak Shape when looking at high energy ions from a source such as a plasma.
GA-533	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“ Analysis of Fast Neutral in Plasma Monitoring “Improving the performance of Al and Cu Sputtering processes through the analysis of Fast Neutrals produced by the plasma.
GA-535	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“ Real Time Monitoring and Detection of Trace H2and HF Species in an Argon Based Plasma “High Abundance and High Resolution sampling of Isobaric Masses in a Plasma using a two stage molecular beam sampling system.
GA-610	High Mass	“Optimizing Quadrupole Transmission for Wide Mass Range to 10,000 amu “Proves a summery of practical hints for maximizing performance at high mass along with ion energy and tuning requirements
GA-615	High Mass	“ Transmission Characteristics of Quadrupoles to m/z 10,000” Explorers the trade off in Sensitivity and Resolution versus Mass Range
GA-630	Material Science, Ion Chemistry	“ Measurement of Appearance Potentials “Practical guide for measuring the Appearance Potentials of Gaseous Molecules.
GA-705	Ion Chemistry, Analytical	“ Merlin Automation Data System MS/MS Operation”This short manual is a very good guide for the MS/MS operation ofQuadrupole Mass Spectrometers
GA-710	Material Science	“ A Filament Study:Optimizing Filament Configurations for Measuring Appearance Potentials “Shows various filament configurations and materials and the effect these have on the study of Appearance Potentials.
GA-725	General Quadrupole Theory	“ Negative Ion Detection”Shows the various techniques for detecting negative ions using a quadrupole mass spectrometer.
GT-310	General Quadrupole Theory	“Resolution and Transmission of Quadrupoles: RF-DC and RF-only Operation”Shows the effect of quadrupole rod size and RF frequencyonTransmission, Resolution, Abundance Sensitivity and Mass Range
GT-315	General Quadrupole Theory	“ Quadrupole Performance: Do Quadrupoles Discriminate Against High Masses “ Shows the effects of Quadrupole rod size, RF operating Frequency and Quadrupole pre- and post-filters on quadrupole transmission of high masses.
GT-318	General Quadrupole Theory	“ Improving Abundance Sensitivity in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers “ Shows the effect of Ion Energy, RF Operating Frequency and RF-only Pre- and Post-filters on the ability to resolve adjacent peaks of widely different intensities.
GT-710	General Quadrupole Theory	“ Transmission Characteristics of RF-Only Devices:Quadrupoles and Octupoles as Ion Pipes “Compares the transmission characteristics of Quadrupoles and Octupoles in RF-Only mode.
GT-710	General Quadrupole Theory	“ Practical Quadrupole Theory:Graphical Theory “This a simplified description of the operation of Quadrupole Mass Filterswithout complicated equations.
GT-711	General Quadrupole Theory	“Practical Quadrupole Theory:Peak Shapes at Various Ion Energies” A discussion of the parameters that effect peak shape in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers
GT-712	General Quadrupole Theory	“ An Empirical Study of MS/MS Systems: Transmission Efficiency, Fragmentation Efficiency and RF only Mass Discrimination of Various Collision Cells”Discussion of the effects of different type of collision cells and the parameters that effect their performance.
HA-310	HPI	“ Mass Spectrometers for Petrochemical Production” This is a four page brochure detailing the various hydrocarbon processing and petrochemical applications in which mass spectrometers can be usedto improve yield and reduce cycle times.
HA-510	HPI	“Optimizing Ammonia Production”Describes the improvements that can be made in Ammonia Production using an Extrel CMS Process Mass Spectrometer
HA-520	HPI	Optimizing Methanol Production” Describes the improvements that can be made in Methanol Production using an Extrel CMS Process Mass Spectrometer
HA-602	Gas Analysis	“ Lower Detection Limits of an Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometer”This shows, with a combination of experimental data and calculations,the ultimate detection limit (high ppq) of an Extrel APIMS system.
MA-305	Material Science	“ Improvements in Signal-to-Noise and Minimization of analyzer related background contributions in ultra high vacuum residual gas analysisPart I. Improvements in Signal-to-noise “Shows how to lower background noise in UHV systems with a Tandem Ionizer/Energy Analyzer.
MA-310	Material Science	“ Mass Spectrometers for Materials Analysis and Surface Science” This is a four page brochure detailing the various Material Science applications in which mass spectrometers can be used .
PA-310	Pharmaceutical	“ Mass Spectrometers for Pharmaceutical Production”This is a four page brochure detailing the various pharmaceutical applications in which mass spectrometers can be usedto improve yield and reduce cycle times.
RA_2002	High Mass	“High Resolution High Sensitivity RF-only Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry for Clusters Characterization and Deposition”Cluster Analysis and Deposition using RF-only Quadrupoles
SA-310	Semiconductor	“ Mass Spectrometers for Semiconductor Application” This is a four page brochure detailing the various semiconductor applications in which mass spectrometers can be used .